Paper sack production is more energy-efficient, uses fewer fossil resources as fuel and raw material, and relies on more renewable energy.
While each type has distinct emission profiles due to varied materials and processes, paper sacks generally fare better in emissions and resource consumption.
The polyethylene ffs sack production emits more heavy metals into freshwater, while the paper sack production emits more organic substances into freshwater.
Paper sacks and polyethylene ffs sacks have different emission profiles because they use different raw materials, processes, energy requirements and mixes. That is the reason why the results cannot be directly compared in all aspects. Extending the system boundaries to include three different end-of-life scenarios.
The results show that the relative standing of emissions for the two different packaging alternatives remains unchanged.
Considering fossil resources consumed as raw material for the two packaging alternatives, the polyethylene ffs sack has a significantly higher consumption and therefore also higher GHG emissions. This remains true also for the recycling scenario, even when a credit for offset virgin polyethylene production are included in the system boundaries.
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